07
02月
2020
装饰器模式
模式定义
装饰器模式允许向一个现有的对象添加新的功能,同时又不改变其结构。
装饰器模式的优势
装饰类和被装饰类可以独立发展,不会相互耦合,装饰模式是继承的一个替代模式,装饰模式可以动态扩展一个实现类的功能。
装饰器模式的缺陷
多层装饰比较复杂。
代码示例
Decorator\Shape.class.php
<?php namespace Decorator; interface Shape { public function draw(); }
Decorator\Circle.class.php
<?php namespace Decorator; class Circle implements Shape { public function draw() { echo "draw Circle" . "\n"; } }
Decorator\Rectangle.class.php
<?php namespace Decorator; class Rectangle implements Shape { public function draw() { echo "draw rectangle"; } }
Decorator\ShapeDecorator.class.php
<?php namespace Decorator; abstract class ShapeDecorator implements Shape { protected $decoratorShape; public function __construct($shape) { $this->decoratorShape = $shape; } }
Decorator\RedShape.class.php
<?php namespace Decorator; class RedShape extends ShapeDecorator { public function draw() { $this->decoratorShape->draw(); $this->setRedColor(); } private function setRedColor(){ echo "color is red" . "\n"; } }
Decorator\DecoratorTest.php
<?php spl_autoload_register(function ($className){ $className = str_replace("\\", "/", $className); include $className . ".class.php"; }); use Decorator\Circle; use Decorator\RedShape; $circle = new Circle(); $circle->draw(); $redCircle = new RedShape($circle); $redCircle->draw();
测试示例:
php Decorator/DecoratorTest.php 输出: draw Circle draw Circle color is red
总结
装饰器模式的本质就是动态组合。这种模式创建了一个装饰类,用来包装原有的类,并在保持类方法签名完整性的前提下,提供了额外的功能。
代码地址:https://github.com/798256478/design-patterns/tree/master/Decorator